James Clerk Maxwell and modern physics by Glazebrook Richard Sir 1854-1935

Author:Glazebrook, Richard, Sir, 1854-1935
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Maxwell, James Clerk, 1831-1879, Physics -- History, Physicists
Publisher: New York : Macmillan
Published: 1896-10-27T05:00:00+00:00

At tho meeting of the British Association at Ipswich, in 1851, a paper by J. J. Waterston of Bombay, on " The (icneral Theory of Gases," was read. The following is an extract from the Proceedings:—

The author " conceives that the atoms of a gas, being perfectly elastic, are in continual motion in all directions, being constrained within a limited space by their collisions with each other, and with tho particles of surrounding bodies.

" The vis viva of these motions in a given portion of a gas constitutes the quantity of heat contained in it.

" He shows that the result of this state of motion must be to give the gas an elasticity proportional to the mean square of the velocity of the molecular motions, and to the total mass of the atoms contained in unity of bulk" (unit «>| volume;—that is to say, to the density of the medium.

"The elasticity in a given gas is the measure of temperature. Equilibrium of pressure and heat between two gases takes place when the number of atoms in unit of volume is equal and the vis viva of each atom equal Temperature, therefore, in all gases is proportional to the mass of one atom multiplied by the mean square of the velocity of the molecular motions, being measured from an absolute zero 491° Wow the zero of Fahrenheit's thermometer/'

It appears, therefore, from these extracts that the discovery of the laws that temperature is measured by the mean kinetic energy of a single molecule, and that in a mixture of gases the mean kinetic energy of

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